VSEPR
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion describes how electron domains arrange to reduce repulsion. Lone pairs generally repel more strongly than bonding pairs.
JEE & NEET Chemistry Masterclass: Complete compilation of standard, ionic, and anomalous steric geometries from Steric Number 2 to 7.
AX₄ (SN = 4)
Tetrahedral / Tetrahedral
sp³
109.5°
μ = 0.0 D (Non-Polar)
VSEPR predicts molecular shape by considering repulsions between electron domains around a central atom. Use the controls to compare geometries while reading the assumptions behind the model.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion describes how electron domains arrange to reduce repulsion. Lone pairs generally repel more strongly than bonding pairs.
Common electron-domain geometries include linear SN2, trigonal planar SN3, tetrahedral SN4, trigonal bipyramidal SN5, octahedral SN6, and pentagonal bipyramidal SN7.
Electron-domain geometry includes bonding and lone-pair domains; molecular shape describes atom positions. AX3E is a familiar example.
Ideal angles are reference values. Lone pairs, multiple bonds, and other effects can change measured angles.
Molecular polarity depends on bond polarity and geometry. Symmetry can cause bond dipoles to cancel.
Choose a steric category, inspect the geometry and angle, and compare it with your chemistry reference material.